P4P5P6: Set Method (1 free with every multiple of)

Set method of many variations are taught since P3.

Such questions require students to count in multiples of certain number and use those multiples to calculate the value of such sets.

For the type of questions shown below, students will also need to understand what are "Complete Sets" and "Incomplete Sets".

Such questions are common in Section B and C of P4 exams and also in Paper 1 of P5 and P6 exams.

Calculator usage is not allowed.

At a fruit stall, apples are sold at $2 each.

For every 4 apples sold, an apple is given free.

a) What is the minimum amount needed to buy 21 apples?

b) What is the most number of apples that can be bought with $84?

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P3/P4 Before and After One Party Unchanged (Start Multiples, End Difference)

Such questions presents 2 values to be multiples of each other at first.

One of the value undergo a change(addition/subtraction) and the resulting difference is given after the chance.

Such questions require students to use "Before and After Comparison Models" to visualize the changes and to also be aware that one of the values "did not change".

These questions are common in Section C of P3 and P4 exam papers.

There were thrice as many boys as girls whom were in the school hall at first.

After 15 boys left the school hall to go toilet, 

there were still 17 more boys than girls remaining in the hall.

How many students were there altogether in the school hall at first?

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P3/P4 Before and After One Party Unchanged (Start Same, End Multiples)

In such questions, 2 values are being presented to be equal at first.

One of the values undergo a change (add/subtract) and it results with the larger value becoming a multiple of the smaller value at the end.

Before and After questions are staples for P3 and P4 students as they would need to know how to visualize these questions using "Before and After Comparison Models".

Such questions are common in Section C of P3 and P4 exam papers.

Harold and Kumar has the same number of sweets at first.

After Harold ate 45 sweets, 

Kumar now has 4 times as many sweets as Harold.

How many sweets did both have altogether at first?

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P3/P4 Math: Fitting Equal Quantities into Containers with Remainder

The following question requires basic division so as to find out how many containers can be fitted with equal quantities but there will be some remainder after performing the division.

Such questions are common in P4 exams in Section A or B.

Mrs Lim is planning an excursion for her 60 students.

She needs to ferry the students and herself to the Science Center.

A mini-bus can sit up to 12 people.

What is the least number of mini-buses needed 

to ferry the students and herself to the Science Center?

Typical 12-seater mini-bus

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P4 Math: 2 Different Items bought at different quantities (Multiples of one another)

2 different items are bought at different quantites and the cost of one of the item is a multiple of the other.

Such questions are common in P4 exams and students will need to draw models so as to represent the numerical values given.

Alice bought 5 pens and Karen bought 2 books.

Each book costs thrice as much as each pen.

Both girls spent $66 on the books and pens altogether.

How much did Alice spend on her 5 pens?

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P3/P4 Math: Area and Perimeter of Rectangles with missing Length

Area and perimeter of squares and rectangles are taught in P3 and P4.

Students will need to remember the formulas needed to calculate the areas and perimeters of rectangles using the "Length" and "Breadth".

For the following question type, the area or perimeter of the rectangle is already given together with the breadth. Students must find the missing "length" before attempting to solve for the perimeter or area of the rectangle.

A similar version of this question for "squares" can be found here.

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P3/P4 Math: Internal Transfer (Make Equal)

"Total unchanged", more commonly known as , "Internal Transfer", requires students to draw "before and after" comparison models in order to solve "visually"

Such questions usually appear in Section C of P3 and P4 exam papers.

Janice has 225 candy bars and Kenny has 99 candy bars.

How many candy bars must Janice give Kenny

so both will have the same number of candy bars?

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P3/P4 Math: Areas and Perimeters of Squares

Areas and Perimeters of shapes such as squares and rectangles are taught in P3 and P4.

Though the formula is easy to remember, this becomes more challenging when the length of a square is not given but with the perimeter or area, students are expected to find the other.

(if given perimeter of square, find area.)

A similar version of this question for "rectangles" can be found here.

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P3/P4 Math: Before and After Model (Reverse Model Drawing)

With problem sums getting more complex as student progresses from P3 to P4, it will be difficult for the students to read the question and be able to draw the models required.

Hence, the "Reverse Model Drawing" method.

This method allows them to see the models first, and use it to decipher the question being asked instead.

With this approach, the student get to see the models already drawn and use it to fill up the gaps in the question being asked.

Once students have sufficient practice, they will be able to read the question and draw the comparison models independently.

Uno Reverse Cards

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P3/P4 Math: Stacked Models ( Comparing multiples of 2 different items each with different values )

Such questions below will require students to be proficient with comparison model drawing..

A stacked model will be needed to solve question of this nature.

Such questions usually appear in Section C of P3 and P4 exams.

Franchesca bought 3 mangoes and 2 apples with $31 altogether.
Each mango costs $2 more than each apple.

How much does each apple cost?

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P3/P4 Math: Two Fractions of Total Given

Fraction problem sums are common in Section C of P3 and P4 exams.

A "fraction of the total" representing one item and another "fraction of the total" representing another item. 

The third information given is usually the value of the first item, second item or the amount left.

A slightly more complex version of this question can be found here.

Bala have some books.

¹/₃ of his books are about cars.

¹/₉ of the books are about planes.

The rest of the books are about dinosaurs.

He has 55 books about dinosaurs.

How many books does Bala have altogether?

A Stegosaurus from the Jurassic Period

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