P4/P5 Math: Starting Multiples and Ending Multiples After Equal Decrease in Value

"Before and After Comparison Models" are staple for P3 to P6 Math.

The folowing question type presents one party to be a multiple of another at first.
After both undergo an equal decrease in value, the ending comparison is another multiple of one another.

Such questions are common in P4 Section C and P5 Paper 1.
Calculator usage is not allowed.

Kenneth has thrice as many baseball caps as Hiroshi at first.
After each gave away 45 caps,
Kenneth still has 8 times as many baseball caps as Hiroshi.

How many caps did both have altogether at first?



If the above question is easy, try to do the more challenging question below.

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